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Valine encoded by the codons GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG is an ?-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an ?-amino group , an ?-carboxylic acid group , and a side chain isopropyl variable group, classifying it as a non-polar amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it and thus it must be obtained from the diet. Human dietary sources are any proteinaceous foods such as meats, dairy products, soy products, beans and legumes.