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Durum wheat , also called pasta wheat or macaroni wheat , is a tetraploid species of wheat. It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat, although it only represents 5% to 8% of global wheat production. It was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat strains formerly grown in Central Europe and the Near East around 7000 BC, which developed a naked, free-threshing form. Like emmer, durum wheat is awned . It is the predominant wheat that grows in the Middle East.