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The emissivity of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in emitting energy as thermal radiation. Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation and it may include both visible radiation and infrared radiation, which is not visible to human eyes. The thermal radiation from very hot objects is easily visible to the eye. Quantitatively, emissivity is the ratio of the thermal radiation from a surface to the radiation from an ideal black surface at the same temperature as given by the Stefan?Boltzmann law. The ratio varies from 0 to 1. The surface of a black object emits thermal radiation at the rate of approximately 448 watts per square meter at room temperature ; real objects with emissivities less than 1.0 emit radiation at correspondingly lower rates.