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The epidermis is the outer of the two layers that make up the skin , the inner layer being the dermis. It provides a barrier to infection from environmental pathogens and regulates the amount of water released from the body into the atmosphere through transepidermal water loss . The outermost part of the epidermis is composed of a stratified layer of flattened cells, that overly a basal layer composed of columnar cells arranged perpendicularly.