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Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs . The effects can include those manifested within animals , microorganisms, or combinations of organisms . Pharmacodynamics is the study of how a drug affects an organism, whereas pharmacokinetics is the study of how the organism affects the drug. Both together influence dosing, benefit, and adverse effects. Pharmacodynamics is sometimes abbreviated as PD and pharmacokinetics as PK, especially in combined reference .