| jugular | a vital part that is vulnerable to attack, he always goes for the jugular |
jugular vein
vena jugularis
jugular | veins in the neck that return blood from the head |
| anterior jugular vein | arises below the chin from veins draining the lower face, joins the external jugular vein |
| external jugular vein | formed by the junction of the posterior auricular and the retromandibular veins, empties into the subclavian vein |
| internal jugular vein | a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater, joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein |
foramen
hiatus | a natural opening or perforation through a bone or a membranous structure |
interventricular foramen
foramen of Monro
Monro's foramen | the small opening (on both the right and left sides) that connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon with the lateral ventricle in the cerebral hemisphere |
| foramen magnum | the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes |
| syndrome | a complex of concurrent things, every word has a syndrome of meanings |
acute brain disorder
acute organic brain syndrome | any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection) |
adult respiratory distress syndrome
ARDS
wet lung
white lung | acute lung injury characterized by coughing and rales, inflammation of the lungs which become stiff and fibrous and cannot exchange oxygen, occurs among persons exposed to irritants such as corrosive chemical vapors or ammonia or chlorine etc. |
attention deficit disorder
ADD
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
ADHD
hyperkinetic syndrome
minimal brain dysfunction
minimal brain damage
MBD | a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders |
bulimarexia
binge-purge syndrome
binge-vomit syndrome
bulima nervosa | a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food, characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting |
| bulimia binge-eating syndrome | a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and selfondemnation |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | a painful disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel, characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hands and fingers and by sensations of tingling, burning or numbness |
Banti's disease
Banti's syndrome | a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen, accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis |
| Kallman's syndrome | hypogonadism with anosmia, a congenital sexual disorder that prevents the testicles from maturing at puberty |
Kawasaki disease
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome | an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever, of unknown cause |
Lambert-Eaton syndrome
Eaton-Lambert syndrome
myasthenic syndrome
carcinomatous myopathy | a disease seen in patients with lung cancer and characterized by weakness and fatigue of hip and thigh muscles and an aching back, caused by antibodies directed against the neuromuscular junctions |
| Asperger's syndrome | a psychiatric disorder usually noted during early school years, characterized by impaired social relations and by repetitive patterns of behavior |
paralysis agitans
Parkinsonism
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's syndrome
Parkinson's
shaking palsy | a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination |
Addison's disease
Addison's syndrome
hypoadrenalism
hypoadrenocorticism | a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin |
Cushing's syndrome
hyperadrenocorticism | a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol |
AIDS
acquired immune deficiency syndrome | a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles |
respiratory distress syndrome
respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
hyaline membrane disease | an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn), lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking, characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli |
| Horner's syndrome | a pattern of symptoms occurring as a result of damage to nerves in the cervical region of the spine (drooping eyelids and constricted pupils and absence of facial sweating) |
Hurler's syndrome
Hurler's disease
gargoylism
dysostosis multiplex
lipochondrodystrophy | hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism, characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation |
| Marfan's syndrome | an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system |
mongolism
mongolianism
Down's syndrome
Down syndrome
trisomy | a congenital disorder caused by having an extra st chromosome, results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation |
severe acute respiratory syndrome
SARS | a respiratory disease of unknown etiology that apparently originated in mainland China in , characterized by fever and coughing or difficulty breathing or hypoxia, can be fatal |
| organic brain syndrome | mental abnormality resulting from disturbance of the structure or function of the brain |
| syndrome | a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease |
cervical disc syndrome
cervical root syndrome | an abnormal condition resulting from compression of spinal nerve roots in the neck region, involves neck pains and muscular weakness and paresthesia |
| Chinese restaurant syndrome | headache and tingling or burning feelings and sweating caused by eating food that contains monosodium glutamate |
| Conn's syndrome | disturbances in saltwater balance and symptoms of weakness and muscular cramps and twitching and convulsions and sometimes paralysis, usually caused by a benign tumor of the cortex of the adrenal gland that leads to excess secretion of aldosterone |
fetal alcohol syndrome
FAS | a congenital medical condition in which body deformation occurs or facial development or mental ability is impaired because the mother drinks alcohol during pregnancy |
Gulf War syndrome
Persian Gulf illness | a medical condition of uncertain origin that affected many veterans of the Gulf War, characterized by fatigue and headache and dizziness and nausea and rashes and joint pain and respiratory disorders |
irritable bowel syndrome
spastic colon
mucous colitis | recurrent abdominal pain and diarrhea (often alternating with periods of constipation), often associated with emotional stress |
Klinefelter's syndrome
Klinefelter syndrome
XXY-syndrome | syndrome in males that is characterized by small testes and long legs and enlarged breasts and reduced sperm production and mental retardation, a genetic defect in which an extra X chromosome (XXY) is present in the male |
| malabsorption syndrome | a pattern of symptoms including loss of appetite and bloating and weight loss and muscle pain and steatorrhea, associated with celiac disease and sprue and cystic fibrosis |
Munchausen's syndrome
Munchausen syndrome | syndrome consisting of feigning acute and dramatic illness for which no clinical evidence is ever found |
nephrotic syndrome
nephrosis | a syndrome characterized by edema and large amounts of protein in the urine and usually increased blood cholesterol, usually associated with glomerulonephritis or with a complication of various systemic diseases |
| Noonan's syndrome | syndrome seen only in males, marked by short stature and lowset ears and subnormal fertility |
| phantom limb syndrome | syndrome consisting of discomfort or pain in a limb that has been amputated |
premenstrual syndrome
PMS | a syndrome that occurs in many women from to days before the onset of menstruation |
radiation sickness
radiation syndrome
radiation | syndrome resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (e.g., exposure to radioactive chemicals or to nuclear explosions), low doses cause diarrhea and nausea and vomiting and sometimes loss of hair, greater exposure can cause sterility and cataracts and some forms of cancer and other diseases, severe exposure can cause death within hours, he was suffering from radiation |
| Ramsay Hunt syndrome | syndrome resulting from infection by the herpes varicella zoster virus, characterized by vertigo and pain in the ears and facial nerve paralysis and sometimes hearing loss |
Reiter's syndrome
Reiter's disease | an inflammatory syndrome (etiology unknown) predominantly in males, characterized by arthritis and conjunctivitis and urethritis |
restless legs syndrome
restless legs
Ekbom syndrome | feeling of uneasiness and restlessness in the legs after going to bed (sometimes causing insomnia), may be relieved temporarily by walking or moving the legs |
| Reye's syndrome | acquired encephalopathy following acute viral infections (especially influenza or chicken pox) in young children, characterized by fever, vomiting, disorientation, coma, and fatty infiltration of the liver |