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Threonine [2] is an amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. It contains an ?-amino group , a carboxyl group , and a side chain containing a hydroxyl group, making it a polar, uncharged amino acid. It is essential in humans, meaning the body cannot synthesize it: it must be obtained from the diet. Threonine is synthesized from aspartate in bacteria such as E. coli.[3] It is encoded by all the codons starting AC .